Welcome to the True Women, New Women in New York City Website. This site has been developed collaboratively by students in Professor Catherine Lavender's course, History and Women's Studies 386--Women in New York City, Fall Semester, 1998. Each student has taken individual responsibility for researching and writing about a woman whose life illustrates the struggles over women's roles in which women participated from 1890 to 1940.

During this period, the "True Woman" identity which many women embraced during the nineteenth century was challenged by women who called themselves (and were called) "New Women." In addition, many women--some new arrivals to New York City--challenged the validity of either identity as defining their own experiences as women. In the course from which the website developed, we read and discussed primary and secondary accounts of the lives of women radicals in Greenwich Village, immigrant women, Bowery Girls, working women, African-American intellectual women, Blues singers and songwriters, women artists, and many other kinds of women. From those readings, students have selected women whose lives interested them, and have each prepared a section of this website (including most of the html coding!). We hope you will find the information included here useful and interesting.

	Bessie Smith, by Joan Hemsworth	Zora Neale Hurston, by Grace Jack	Amelia Earhart, by Richard Mugge
Margaret Sanger, by Mary Ann Battaglia	Mary Ewing Outerbridge, by Leonard Bromberg	Bella Abzug, by Vicki Risley	Nellie Bly, by Rosemary Gazzillo
Anna Shaw Curtis, by Susan McAnanama	Josephine Shaw Lowell, by Susan McAnanama	Charlotte Perkins Gilman, by Jodi DiGrazia	Nellie Bly, by David Ferrelli
Crystal Eastman, by M.F. John-Baptiste	Nella Larsen, by Priscilla Figueroa	Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, by Larissa Kosovych	Edith Bolling Wilson Galt, by Delana Smith
Dorothy Parker, by Yvonne Tu	Belle Moskowitz, by John McHugh	Lucille Ball, by Leila Gonzales	Clara Bow, by Christopher Montalbano