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HISTORY 100: Past and Present (3 hours, 3 credits).

An interdisciplinary approach to historical experience since the Renaissance, with particular emphasis on significant themes and events and on concepts such as freedom, power, social roles, bureaucracy, and historical cycles. (social science)

HISTORY 116: Freshman Seminar in History (3 hours, 3 credits).

An interdisciplinary approach to historical experience since the Renaissance with selected emphasis on significant themes and events and on concepts such as freedom, power, social roles, bureaucracy, and historical cycles. The seminar is designed to give students special instruction in communication skills. (social science)

Prerequisites: Successful completion of CUNY/ACT Reading Skills Test. Students who successfully complete the Freshman Seminar in History may not register for any additional 100-level courses in history without permission of the department chairperson.

HISTORY 160: African-American History, 1619 to the Present (3 hours, 3 credits).

(Also AFA 160)

From the forced migration of the first Africans in the 17th century to the contemporary struggles for equality; emphasis on such topics as slavery; abolition; Reconstruction; the origins of Jim Crow; urban migrations; the struggle for civil rights; non-violence and the new militancy. (social science)

HISTORY 182: Women's History and Feminist Theory (3 hours, 3 credits).

(Also WMS 100)

This course explores both the history of women's experience and feminist interpretations of their historical condition. Emphasis is on the development of analytical and writing skills. (social science)

HISTORY 200: Introduction to Historical Method (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introduction to the basic skills of historical reasoning, research, and writing. Students receive training in the interpretation of primary sources and the evaluation of historical data, and are acquainted with the notion of historiography. Particular emphasis is placed on the preparation of research papers and book reviews; the use of library, electronic, and archival resources; and the critical evaluation of secondary monographic works. Required for History majors; open to all students.

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 201: History of Western Civilization, Antiquity to 1500 (4 hours, 4 credits).

The historical development of Western civilization in ancient, medieval, and Renaissance times, with emphasis on the individuals, issues, ideas, institutions, and events which highlight its evolution. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 202: History of Western Civilization Since 1500 (4 hours, 4 credits).

The historical development of Western civilization from the sixteenth century to the present. The focus is on Europe, but developments in other areas of the world are considered in relation to Western ideas. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 203: The World Since 1914 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Major political, economic, social, and cultural developments beginning with World War I. The course will focus on the processes of decolonization and modernization around the world. (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 204: Introduction to Asian Civilization (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introductory course on the nature of Asian civilization and culture. The first part will deal with an analysis of the historical role of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism; the second, with different paths to modernization emphasizing China, Indian, and Japan. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 206: Modern China (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of China from the nineteenth century to the present. The course will analyze the character of early Western involvement and Chinese responses, the rise of Chinese communism, and China's struggle to modernize. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (contemporary world) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 207: History of Africa (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 260)

Nineteenth-century African history, the story of European imperialism, and the emergence of modern, independent Africa and its problems. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 208: History of Modern Latin America (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the social, economic, political, and cultural development of Latin America since independence. The course will focus on the prevailing colonial influences on modern institutions; Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil as developmental models; and on United States-Latin American relations. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d) (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 209: Modern Japan (4 hours, 4 credits).

An exploration of themes in Japanese History, such as the indigenous roots of the late nineteenth-century transformation, the debate on the origins of military rule of the 1930s, the reasons for the economic success story of the post-war period, and the human and ecological cost of the great changes over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d) (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 210: History of Modern India (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history of Indian from the end of the Mogul period to the present. Emphasis will be placed on the nature of British Imperialism, the Independence movement, and India's attempts to modernize. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d) (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 211: Japanese Civilization (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of Japanese history from the beginning of the historical period through the eighteenth century. The course will examine major themes such as the early Japanese traditions, China's influence, the Japanese adaptation of Chinese ideas and institutions, the changing nature of elite status, relations with outsiders, and Japanese religious and philosophical traditions. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 212: History of the Ancient Near East (4 hours, 4 credits).

An interdisciplinary approach to ancient near Eastern civilizations of the pre-Christian era. Attention will be given to the literature, history, mythology, philosophy, religion, art, and architecture of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and ancient Palestine. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 213: Chinese Civilization (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of Chinese history from the beginning of the historical period through the eighteenth century. The course will examine major themes such as the imperial state, philosophical and religious traditions, the changing nature of elite status, relations with Inner Asia, and the agrarian-based society and the emergence of the commercial economy. For History majors and minors, this is designated as either a pre-1700 History course or a World history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 214: Greece and the Hellenistic World (4 hours, 4 credits).

Introduction to the social, economic, political, and intellectual history of Greece from ca. 2000 BC to the Hellenistic world of ca. 250 BC. Integration of background with various aspects of Greek and Hellenistic culture, for example, philosophy, political thought, and religion. Emphasis on the interpretation of primary and secondary sources in historical study. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 215: The Origins of Western Europe: 400-1000 CE (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history and culture of Western Europe from the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire to the year 1000. This period of change and transformation saw the settlement of migrating peoples in the former provinces of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of new states and new societies. This course aims to introduce students to the political, social, cultural, and demographic changes that laid the foundations of modern Europe. For History majors and minors, this is designated a pre-1700 course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 216: Byzantine Thought and Civilization (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of various aspects of the culture of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire (ca. 600-1200 CE). Special emphasis is placed on the church, state, and social classes in the creation of a distinctive Byzantine civilization, identity, and world-view. This course also examines achievements in the arts, philosophy, literature, and spirituality. This course is interdisciplinary in approach and includes readings in historical documents and slide lectures. For History majors and minors, this is designated a pre-1700 course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 217: Introduction to Women's History (4 hours, 4 credits).

An overview of the history of women and the role of gender in history, focusing especially on the period since the 1700s. The course will examine key texts regarding women and their status in world history and address the development of the discipline of women's history within the larger field of women's studies. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 218: The Roman World (4 hours, 4 credits).

Aspects of Roman history in relation to the historical background, for example, the growth of the Roman constitution in the age of the republic, Rome's expansion in the Mediterranean world, the Roman revolution, the principate, the problems of primary and secondary sources in historical study. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 219: Greek and Roman Mythology (4 hours, 4 credits).

An overview of mythology as a cultural expression of the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations taught against a historical background. The course covers a period between 1200 BCE through 200 CE across the Mediterranean basin. For History majors and minors this is designated as a pre-1700 history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 220: Medieval Thought and Civilization (4 hours, 4 credits).

Various aspects of the culture of the Middle Ages from the creation of the Carolingian Empire (ca. 800 to ca. 1300) in relation to the historical background; special emphasis on the interaction of the Church, state, and medieval social classes in the creation of a distinctive medieval civilization. The course is interdisciplinary in approach and includes readings in literature and slide lectures. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 221: The American Dream (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AMS 221)

The hopes, the frustrations, and, particularly, the dreams of American society as observed by foreign and native commentators in the past and present. This course will attempt to assess not only the idealization of the American dream but also disillusionment with it as expressed by such writers as Franklin, Tocqueville, Emerson, Whitman, Henry Adams, and Norman Mailer. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History or American Studies course.

HISTORY 222: Islam: Religion and Culture (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey course on Islam as a system of belief embodied in practice. Students will be introduced to a variety of interpretations of Islam from both Western and Islamic perspectives, from the medieval to the modern. Topics will include: the Qur'an, the Hadith, Islamic Law (Shari'a), philosophy, theology (Kalam), and the various intellectual tendencies (Sufi, Shi'a, Sunni) within the Islamic tradition. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 223: American Landscapes (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also GEG 223)

A study of American landscapes through historical geography and history. This course examines the making of American landscapes, including not only the "natural" processes but also the social, cultural, and ideological forces which have shaped them. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course, or COR 100.

HISTORY 224: Jewish History (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history of the Jewish people including their culture, religion, education, and economic conditions from the Babylonian exile (586 BCE) through the present day; domination by Persia, Greece, and Rome; Jewish life in Babylonia and neighboring Eastern lands; Jews in the Western world from medieval to modern times; the development of Jewish communities and the distinctive features of life in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, England, Russia, Poland, and the United States; the world wars and the Jews; the State of Israel. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 225: History of Christianity (4 hours, 4 credits).

A cultural approach to early Christianity, featuring an examination of the New Testament; a study of the history of the medieval church and the emergence of Protestantism in the modern world. Examples of church art, architecture, and music in the Christian tradition. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 228: Renaissance and Reformation Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of the interaction of the socioeconomic, intellectual, cultural, and religious trends of Europe from the close of the Middle Ages to the end of the sixteenth century. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 229: History of Religion from Antiquity to Our Times (4 hours, 4 credits).

A historical introduction to world religions from the Ancient Near East to modern times. The origin and history of monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), of religious philosophies (Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism), and of polytheisms, both ancient (Greek, Roman) and modern (Hinduism) will be the subject of this course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 230: Early Modern England (4 hours, 4 credits).

English history from the Reformation to the end of the seventeenth century. The emphasis is on political history and the underlying social and economic forces. Topics generally include Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, origins of the English Revolution, and the background to the American colonial and constitutional history. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 231: Reacting to the Past (4 hours, 4 credits).

A course that immerses students in three historic periods, widely separated in time and place, assigning them roles as actors in the events they are studying. Arguments come from works containing speeches and actions that the historical characters used in their times. The instructor functions as game master while the students play the game themselves. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 234: Asian Tigers Since 1945 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Focusing on the "Asian Tigers" (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan), an exploration of themes such as post-1945 development and its connection to the common cultural heritage shared by these places; the British (Hong Kong and Singapore) and Japanese (South Korea and Taiwan) colonial heritages; and the post-1945 economy. It will also examine the relationship of these places to their respective hinterlands and the sense of identity of the respective populations in relation to the mainland and the world at large. Overall, this class will examine the proposition that there is an East Asian developmental model. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 235: The Modern Middle East (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the main political, social, economic, and intellectual currents of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Emphasis on historical background and development of current problems in the region. Topics of study include imperialism, religion, Orientalism, women, class formation, oil, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d) (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 236: Asian American History (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introductory survey of the major Asian groups in the U.S. from their earliest migrations to the present. The course will examine the immigration history, experiences, and major problems encountered by each group. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (p&d) (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 238: World Civilization I (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also SLS 240)

A comparative study of the growth and development of the major global civilizations from earliest times to the onset of modernity. An overview of the development of civilizations, examining their structure and organization, characteristic ideas and institutions, and the processes of cultural diffusion and conflict within and between them. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: a minimum GPA of 2.75; ENG 111, ENG 151.

HISTORY 239: World Civilization II (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also SLS 241)

The growth and development of major civilizations around the globe from the onset of modernity to present times, with particular attention to the changing relationships among global communities. (p&d)

Prerequisites: a minimum GPA of 2.75; ENG 111 and ENG 151.

HISTORY 240: American Ideas (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AMS 251)

A major idea in American intellectual history will be examined from the perspective of two or more disciplines. This course will demonstrate the interdisciplinary method and philosophy of American Studies. Puritanism, transcendentalism, the idea of freedom, social Darwinism, Freudianism, and socialism are possible topics. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course, AMS 101, or COR 100.

HISTORY 244: United States History: 1607-1865 (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of American society from the English colonization of Virginia to the Civil War. Attention will focus on the major political, economic, social, and intellectual developments of the period. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 245: United States History: 1865-Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

A historical survey of American society from the abolition of slavery to the present. Some of the topics to be examined are: Reconstruction, the development of industrial America, the Progressive movement, World War I, the Depression, World War II, the McCarthy Era, the Civil Rights movement, Feminist Movement, and the Vietnam War. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 246: Religion in America (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AMS 224)

Addresses the development of religion—Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, and others—in the context of American social, cultural, and intellectual history. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 248: New York City: History and Problems (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history of neighborhoods and communities of New York City. Each student will study a community in detail by tracing its history, interviewing inhabitants, and creating plans for its future. Special emphasis on the culture, life, and governmental services of Staten Island and Brooklyn. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 249: Italian-American History (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history of Italian-Americans from their earliest migration to the present. Attention will focus on the generational problems of acculturation and the present position of Italian-Americans in the community. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 251: History of the U.S. City (4 hours, 4 credits).

An urban studies course with special emphasis on the impact of industrialization and immigration on the development of the U.S. city and urban culture. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 252: History of Education in the United States (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also EDD 252)

The history and social foundations of American education. Topics include the historical development of American public schools, the schools and race, the social function of compulsory schooling, the expansion of higher education in the post-World War II period, and the conceptual differentiation between schooling as socialization and education for personal growth. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 253: United States Economic History (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also ECO 253)

The growth of the American economy; analysis of the components of growth; capital, labor, and government. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: ECO 101, ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 254: History of Staten Island (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of the architectural, industrial, environmental, political, and ethnic history of the borough from colonial times through today. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 257: The History of American Immigration (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course will examine the pushes and pulls leading to the immigration and (or) restriction of Northwestern European, Southeastern European, Caribbean, Asian, Mexican, and other groups. Such theories as the "White Anglo Saxon Ideal," the melting pot and cultural pluralism are to be studied. Implications for neighborhood structures, educational policy, and politics will be discussed. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 258: Vietnam and America, 1945-1975 (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of the history of American involvement in Vietnam, the experience of Americans and Vietnamese who fought the Second Indochina War (1954-1975), and the impact of the war on American society. For history majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 260: US History, First Encounters to the Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

A one semester survey of the United States History. While designed to contribute to the liberal arts general education of CSI students and to the training of history majors, the course will be especially valuable to students intending careers as elementary and middle school social studies teachers, since it is based on the content and skills required of elementary and middle school social studies teachers in New York City and State. Students will collect primary and secondary materials in each of the time periods covered in the elementary school curriculum, including time-lines and maps, and New York State, City, and Staten Island historical materials, thus assembling a portfolio to be used in their social studies classrooms. Emphasis will be on the skills students will foster in their own work as elementary school teachers: thinking, research and writing, interpersonal and group relations, sequencing and chronology, map and globe, and graph and image analytic skills. For history majors and minors, this is designated as a United States History course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and COR 100 or any college-level history course.

HISTORY 262: African-American History: 1619-1865 (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 262)

A study of the African-American experience in the Western hemisphere. Emphasis on the slave trade, slave life, slave revolts, and the struggle for freedom. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 263: African-American History: 1865 to the Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 263)

Continuing role of African-Americans in the building of their own nation. Emphasis on freedom movements as shown in literature, in civil rights movements, in nationalist and other political organizations. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 264: The African Diaspora (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the historical connections of the African diaspora from pretransatlantic slave trade to post-colonial movements. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (social scientific analysis) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 265: History of the Caribbean (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 265)

Pre-colonial and colonial history of the Caribbean; an examination of the policies of the metropolitan powers, and the emergence of anticolonial movements. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 266: Peoples and Cultures of Africa (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 247)

A descriptive survey of the peoples and cultures of the African continent. Emphasis is on those features and/or qualities of the African pattern of life that are common to the African people as a whole. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 267: Contemporary African Issues (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 266)

An examination of post-colonial African issues, including the colonial legacy/neocolonialism; conflict and human rights; development, poverty and the debt problems; healthcare and infrasturcture; globalization; democracy, and multiparty politics; and, how these relate to the world at large. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (p&d) (cont. wld.)

Prerequisites: ENG 151, and COR 100 and any college-level History course or African American Studies course.

HISTORY 269: Blacks in Urban America: 1900-Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 269)

An examination of various aspects of black life in major American cities. Particular emphasis will be placed on the causes of the migration; ecological development of black communities; urban violence; blacks' participation in conventional and radical politics; blacks in the labor force; and the impact of urbanization on the black family. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 270: Modern British History: 1700-1900 (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of selected problems in British social and political history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Topics generally include the origins and immediate impact of industrialization in Britain and the rise of the British Empire. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 271: Modern British History, 1900 to the Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of selected problems in British social and political history in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics generally include the decline of empire, the creation of the welfare state, and the British role in the world wars. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 272: Modern Germany (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany--cultural flowering, national unification, industrialization, world empire and war, fascism, and division into two states. Particular focus on the origins, nature, and consequences of Hitler and the Nazi state. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 273: Medieval Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of Russian history from the tenth century to the reign of Peter the Great, with an emphasis on political, religious, social, and intellectual history. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 274: History of Modern Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of Russian developments since the 18th century with special emphasis on the Russian Revolution and the history of the Soviet Union. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 275: Imperial Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history of Imperial Russia, from Peter the Great to the Russian Revolution of 1917. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a European history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 276: History of Italy (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of Italy from the Renaissance to the present, examining Italian contributions to the formation of Western ideals and culture, the role of Italian cities in early capitalism and world expansion, the creation of Italy as a nation, and Italy's contribution to the development of fascism and Euro-communism. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 277: Europe: 1815-1914 (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of European civilization at the height of its vitality and world power; the evolution of mature capitalism; the transformation of society and the reorganization of power; the synthesis of national-liberalism at home and imperialism abroad; the challenge of emerging socialist forces on the left and new forms of conservatism on the right; the complex organization of international affairs which collapsed in 1914. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 278: Twentieth-Century Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of selected aspects of European civilization in the nineteenth century. Major themes of the age, which runs from the origins of World War I to the Cold War, will be selected for discussion. These will include such topics as the emergence of technocracy and the welfare state, the rise of fascism, the communist revolutions, the impact of modern warfare, European imperialism, irrationalism, and existentialism. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course. (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 279: Introduction to the Balkans: 1699 to the Present (4 hours, 4 credits).

Overview of the main influences from both East and West in southeastern Europe with the goal of understanding conflicts and bases for unity in the area today. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 280: History of Science (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of several major scientific world views, such as Aristotelian and Newtonian physics, Darwinism, Freudianism, and relativity. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 281: History of Work (4 hours, 4 credits).

Work as a central experience in medieval, early industrial, and modern history. A study of employment choice, work satisfaction, the impact of technology, training, worker organizations, social consequences, the role of government, leisure, and the job milieu.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 284: The Soviet Union and Contemporary Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history of the Soviet Union and its successor states from 1917 to the present. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a European history course. (contemporary world)

Prerequisites: ENG 111 and any college-level History course.

HISTORY 285: The Soviet Union and Contemporary Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the history of the Soviet Union and its successor states from 1917 to the present. For history majors and minors, this is designated as a European history course. (cont. wld.)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 286: History of American Women (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also WMS 286)

This course introduces students to broad themes in American women's history from colonial times to the present, and focuses on women as historical actors and on the historical forces shaping the construction of womanhood. The course will pay particular attention to differences among women with respect to race, class, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course. (social science) (p&d)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 290: Africa Encounters Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of the interactions between Africans and Europeans since the 15th century. This course examines African societies just prior to the Atlantic slave trade, its consequences for African, European, and American societies, colonialism and nationalism, and problems facing African societies in the postcolonial and the post cold-war periods. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 291: The Atlantic World (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the diverse historical experiences that resulted from contact in the Atlantic world among the indigenous populations of the Americas, Europeans, and Africans from the 15th through the 19th centuries. This course examines pre-Columbian historical development in the Americas, the European historical contexts of expansion, patterns of contact and settlement, the negotiation of indigenous peoples with European empires, the economic and social impact of slavery and emancipation, and the role of revolutions in the historical development of diverse social and political systems in the Western hemisphere. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course. (social science)

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 292: The West and the World: Cross-Cultural Encounters in the Medieval World (4 hours, 4 credits).

A comparative and cross-cultural study of the consequences of encounters between Pagans, Western and Eastern Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Middle Ages. This course examines the diversity of the medieval world through the patterns of exchange, interaction, and cultural fusion that resulted from the encounter and mingling of different faiths, cultures, and peoples. The impact of conquest and settlement, cultural imperialism, and religious conversion will be discussed, together with the natures of multicultural societies in the Middle Ages. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course.

Prerequisites: ENG 111, and any college-level History course or COR 100.

HISTORY 300: Historiography (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introduction to key analytical concepts, schools of historiography, and great historians through the centuries, as well as major theories, methods, and historical interpretations. Required for History majors, open to all students.

Prerequisites: ENG 151, HST 200, and an additional 200-level history course.

HST 307 Medieval England (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of various aspects of English history during the Middle Ages, with special emphasis on the period from the Norman conquest (eleventh century) to the fourteenth century. The course is interdisciplinary in approach and will draw upon a wide variety of reading materials, historical and literary, to be supplemented by slide lectures in medieval English art and architecture. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 315: The European Discovery of America and the Encounter with the Native Peoples, 1492 to 1581 (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of the European discovery of American and conquest of the native peoples up to the establishment of an imperial system in 1581. Emphasis will be placed on the issue of the "discovery" by Columbus in 1492; the impact of America on European thought; the character of the Spanish conquests of the Caribbean, Mexico, and Peru; the role of the Catholic church in Hispanicizing the culture of those regions; and the creation of an imperial system. For History majors and minors, this is designated as either a pre-1700 History course or a World history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 317: The Medieval Balkans and the Ottoman Turks: 1204-1481 (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of the history of the Balkans and Asia Minor (modern Turkey) between the years 1204-1481 CE. The decline of the Byzantine Empire, the ancient power in the region, set in motion a struggle for supremacy that ended with the emergence of the Ottoman Empire as a world power. This course discusses this historical process and the means by which competing states attempted to lay claim to concepts of world empire. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 318: Themes in Byzantine History (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course examines themes in the history and culture of the medieval Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (Byzantium). This course discusses important political, social and cultural developments, analyzes the catalysts for change, both internal and external, discusses the interaction of Roman political ideology, Christianity, and ancient Greek culture, and assesses the diverse impact of Byzantium on other cultures, as well as on its own constituent peoples. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 319: Medieval Cities (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of aspects of the history and culture of medieval cities between 300-1200 CE from a comparative perspective. Starting with the transformation of ancient urban culture under the Christian Roman Empire, this course compares and contrasts urban life in three areas of the medieval world: Western Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic Middle East. Particular emphasis is placed on: concepts of "the city"; the state and the city; the impact of established religion; the urban economy; civic government and institutions; change and continuity; patterns of daily life; and causes of urban decline and revival. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HST 320: Topics in Ancient and Medieval History (4 hours, 4 credits).

Europe after the fall of Rome to the rise of the nation-state. The emergence of feudal classes, the Catholic church and the state, the rise of medieval cities, East-West relations, Islam and the Byzantine Empire, political theory, and humanism. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course.

Prerequisite: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 321: Themes In Classical and Hellenistic History (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history and culture of the Greek civilization and from its early times through its expansion in the Hellenistic period. This course discusses important issues in the development of classical Greece and its subsequent encounters with the history and culture of the Ancient Near East and Egypt after the conquest of Alexander the Great. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 322: Late Antique World (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course addresses aspects of the history and culture of the period of Late Antiquity (A.D. 285-641). This course examines the historical watershed known as "End of the Ancient World" and the "Birth of the Middle Ages," by analyzing the transformation of the Later Roman Empire into the medieval worlds of Germanic Europe, Byzantium, and Islam. Particular emphasis is placed on: the impact of concepts of monotheism and universalism in an age of diversity and innovation; the synthesis of Christianity and Classical culture; Imperial Autocracy and the Christian Church; social and intellectual changes; the nature of the economy and problems of Imperial defense; and the collapse and transformation of the Roman state, and the emergence of its successors. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 History course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 323: Themes in Roman Republican and Imperial History (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history of Rome, from village to empire, through the discussion of political as well as social, economic, and cultural issues. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a pre-1700 course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 327: The World of Late Imperial China (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course will look at cultural, social, economic, and political cultural life in China during the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty (ca. 15th-18th centuries). Its chief aim is to give students already familiar with Chinese history an appreciation of late Chinese imperial civilization beyond political events and the historical narrative. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 328: Early Modern Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of the social and ideological forces which have created modern Europe from the collapse of feudal Europe to the end of the eighteenth century, including the Renaissance and Reformation, the rise of capitalism, the scientific revolution, and the Enlightenment. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 330: National Movements and the process of Independence in Africa (4 hours, 4 credits).

The objective of this course is to provide a broad view of important historical developments in the African continent: nationalist movements and the process of independence. These movements occurred between 1945, at the end of World War II, and 1990, when the entire African continent was totally decolonized. The course will be divided into two parts: the first will discuss the causes of nationalist movements and the second will focus on the process of independence. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 331: Black Intellectual Thought in the African Diaspora (4 hours, 4 credits).

A seminar course that examines the foundations, implementations, and implications of intellectual thought(s) of the African diaspora from the period of slavery in the Americas through the present. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (contemporary world) (p&d)

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 332: The Age of Revolutions: 1765-1820 (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course will begin by examining the Enlightenment in Europe and the social and economic changes which resulted from European worldwide colonization. It will focus on the uprising and revolutions from 1765 to 1820 that broke out in the old and new worlds, emphasizing the Great Revolution in France. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 333: Colonialism and the African Experience (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 333)

An examination of the experience of Africans under colonial rule from the average person to traditional chiefs or the aristocratic class. This course analyzes the reactions of various classes of African society to colonial rule, focusing on the methods used by Africans to manipulate European colonial authorities, as well as the colonial response. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a world history course. (p&d)

Prerequisites: Any 200-level history course or 200-level African American Studies course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 335: Society and Culture in the United States (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AMS 335)

Major artistic and intellectual developments in America from the eighteenth century to the present, and their relationship to changing social and political realities. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 336: Themes in United States History: 1607-1788 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Selected topics in American history from the colonial period through the establishment of a national government under the Constitution. The course will examine significant political, social, economic, and intellectual developments. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 337: Early American Republic: 1788-1850 (4 hours, 4 credits).

An exploration of major developments in the new nation, from the ratification of the Constitution to the Compromise of 1850. Topics will include political culture, the market revolution, westward expansion, the wars with Britain and Mexico, slavery, and reform. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 338: Themes in United States History: 1877-1914 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Selected topics in American history from the end of Reconstruction to the nation's emergence as an international power. The course will examine significant political, social, economic, and intellectual developments. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 339: Themes in United States History: 1914-1945 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Selected topics in American history from 1914-1945. The course will examine significant political, social, economic, and intellectual developments. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 340: United States Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century (4 hours, 4 credits).

The development of America's foreign policy from isolationism to empire. The focus will be on the expanding role of the United States in world affairs and the impact of World Wars I and II on contemporary society. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 344: War and Society in Modern America (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of the impact of the cold war and its resulting international tensions upon American society. Among the topics are the origins of the cold war; the problem of defining loyalty in a democratic state; the role of the military in the nuclear age; secret intelligence operations and their influence upon a democratic society; and the quest for security in a divided world. All questions will be considered within the framework of an attempt to assess America's traditional values and national goals. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 347: Your Parents' America (4 hours, 4 credits).

The United States from World War II to the Vietnam War, using parents' reminiscences. A study of the effects of World War II and the Cold War, the growth of mass media, the youth gang of the fifties, the civil rights movement and rising expectations, the suburban dream, the cult of the automobile, the fear of atomic disaster, the sexual revolution, and changing patterns of child rearing. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 349: United States History Since 1945 (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of U.S. cultural, social, political, and diplomatic history from the conclusion of World War II to the present. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 350: Comparative Urban History (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of urban life in various periods and societies with a view toward spelling out similarities and differences.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 361: The Heritage of Marcus Garvey and W. E. B. DuBois (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also AFA 361)

Marcus Garvey, the man and the idealist, his influence on African-American consciousness; W.E.B. DuBois, the man and thinker, his influence on African-American consciousnesses and Pan-Americanism. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 370: The Middle East and Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introduction to the relations between western Europe and the non-western Middle East as they evolved historically. The course begins with Christian conceptions of Islam in the medieval and early modern periods and explores whether and how these Christian representations of Islam influenced Western discourses on the Middle East in modern times. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a World history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 375: Economic History of Soviet Russia (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of the creation and development of the Stalinist economic system in the USSR after 1928 and in the European part of the Soviet bloc after 1945. The economic structure and policy will be investigated as both cause and effect of internal policy and Soviet foreign policy, as well as its applicability as a model for development in the Third World. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 382: War and Society (4 hours, 4 credits).

An introduction to the study of war. The central problems of the course will be to see why wars begin, how they are won and lost and what kinds of impact war has had on recent Western history.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 384: Social and Political Ideologies in the Modern World (4 hours, 4 credits).

A survey of the major social and political "isms" that developed from the French Revolution to the mid-twentieth century, analyzing their historical context and content. Such topics as liberalism, conservatism, socialism, nationalism, imperialism, communism, and fascism will be considered. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 386: The Recovery of Women's Past (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also WMS 386)

An examination of the history of women, beginning with ancient and classical notions of patriarchy in Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures. The course will review Jewish, Christian and Islamic prescriptions about women as a basis for understanding the changes in modern western history. Approximately half the course will examine the past two centuries when women's movements, feminisms, gender analysis and sexual liberation evolved. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 388: Imperialism (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history and analysis of modern imperialism. Students will survey major theorists of imperialism from Hobson, Lenin, and their critics to the present. The range of theories of imperialism will be tested by applying them to the history of Western expansion, principally in the past century. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a modern European history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 389: Themes in American Women's History (4 hours, 4 credits).

(Also WMS 389)

An exploration of selected themes in American women's history from the colonial era to the present. This course, which is organized either around a chronological period, a thematic topic, or a geographical region, also examines women's historical methodology and literature. For History majors and minors, this is designated as a United States history course.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 395: Foundations of Modern Society (4 hours, 4 credits).

The rise of the modern state system; the origins of capitalism; the religious wars; the emergence of a secular society.

Prerequisites: Any 200-level History course and ENG 151.

HISTORY 401: Seminar in Advanced Historical Study (4 hours, 4 credits).

An advanced course in the reading of classic works of history, combined with research on an individual student project. Required of all majors in their senior year. Open, by permission of the instructor, to seniors in other majors with the appropriate background. In alternate semesters the course material will be drawn from American and world history.

Prerequisites: HST 200, HST 300, and any additional 300-level history course.

HISTORY 601: Intellectual History of Europe: Medieval Inheritance I (4 hours, 4 credits).

Topics in medieval intellectual history (ca. 300 - 1050) to be examined include classical, Jewish, and early Christian elements in medieval thought, the Latin Fathers, Byzantine and Islamic contributions to the West, Germanic ideas and institutions. Special attention will be given to the secondary authorities in the field. Reports and papers will form the basis of class discussion.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 603: The Classical Inheritance (4 hours, 4 credits).

Various aspects of Greco-Roman history with special emphasis on the characteristic contributions of the classical world to the development of European civilization. Some previous coursework and/or reading in the history of classical antiquity is recommended.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 604: Tudor and Stuart History (4 hours, 4 credits).

Readings in the controversial literature concerned with (1) the 16th-century administrative revolution and (2) the constitutional and social crisis of the 17th century. The emphasis will be on the political and social history of the period 1540-1640. A general knowledge of modern European history or of British literature in this period is presupposed.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 605: War and Society in the Modern World (4 hours, 4 credits).

The history of war from the early modern period to the present. War will be studied as a social and political phenomenon. The focus will be on European rather than United States experience until the 20th century is considered. A general knowledge of history is presupposed.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 606: Age of the French Revolution (4 hours, 4 credits).

Beginning with a study of the debate over the coming of the Revolution in late 18th-century Europe, this course will go on to consider the various phases of the Revolution and to assess the effective changes within France and Europe that it brought about, the foreign wars, and the Napoleonic "synthesis." A reading knowledge of a European language, particularly French, will be helpful.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 607: Nineteenth-Century Europe (4 hours, 4 credits).

A study of classic works and recent literature dealing with selected topics of 19th-century European history. There will be an effort to acquaint students with basic primary sources of information as well as with secondary literature. The emphasis will be on continental Europe. A reading knowledge of a European language is presupposed.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 610: Europe in the Twentieth Century (4 hours, 4 credits).

The range of the European experience from 1914-1945 runs from a position of world hegemony to the nadir of sociopolitical collapse. This course will explore the major events and forces—the nature of modern war and peacemaking, the challenge of Communist revolution, the shock of fascism, the failure of the liberal states, and the rise of the superpowers—that shaped contemporary European civilization.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 614: United States' Origins (4 hours, 4 credits).

History of the 13 British colonies, from their settlement through the Revolution. The material and ideological forces that helped to create the new nation will be examined. Among the topics to be discussed will be Puritanism, slavery, mercantilism, and the political development of the colonies. The last part of the course will examine the reasons for and significance of the American Revolution.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 624: U.S. History: 1900-1940 (4 hours, 4 credits).

Readings, analysis, and reports of the major historical accounts of Progressivism, World War I, the 1920s, and the New Deal period including social, political, and intellectual themes.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 625: Gender and Modern Consciousness (4 hours, 4 credits).

An examination of the category of "gender" as an area illuminating the social sciences, particularly history and modern sociology, in recent scholarship.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 626: Historical Themes and Interpretations (3 hours, 3 credits).

(Also EDD 626)

Examination of selected themes in world history, such as nationalism, globalization, minorities and society, religion and the state, and humans and their environment. Each semester the course will focus on the development of one theme, affording students the opportunity to deepen their interpretation through case studies, critical analysis of texts, museum work, and Internet research.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.

HISTORY 700: The Russian Revolution: 1917-1991 (4 hours, 4 credits).

This course will examine the historiography of the 1917 Revolution and the ensuing Soviet state, the origin of Stalinism, and the various political trends in this emerging Russian historiography. Major 1991 political events in ex-Soviet Union countries will be examined as well as contemporary social movements.

Prerequisites: Enrollment in a graduate program at CSI-CUNY, or permission of Department Chair.