BIO 100 General Biology I

3 hours; 3 credits

Fundamental biological principles of cell metabolism, energy transformations, and plant and animal functions including
support, digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, and integration, and selected current topics.

For science, medical technology, appropriate preprofessional majors, and other interested students in consultation with an
adviser. (science)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of the CUNY Mathematics Assessment Test or MTH 020

Corequisite: BIO 101

BIO 101 General Biology I Laboratory

3 laboratory hours; 1 credit

Direct student involvement in the experimental demonstration of basic biological principles in plants and animals and the
dissection of the fetal pig, with experiments oriented towards the understanding of the human body.

For science, medical technology, appropriate preprofessional majors, and other interested students in consultation with an
adviser. (science)

Corequisite: BIO 100

BIO 102 Human Body

3 class hours; 2 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Survey course of gross anatomy and physiology with emphasis on the relation of structure to function and disease
processes. (science)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of the CUNY Mathematics Test or MTH 020; for students in the Medical Assistant
certificate program, the prerequisite is successful completion of the CUNY Mathematics Test or MTH010.

BIO 105 Molecular Foundations of Cell Function

1 lecture hour; 1 recitation hour; 1 credit, meets four hours a week for half of the semester
This course offers an introductory survey of molecular biology, cellular metabolism, and cellular mechanisms.  It is designed to run concurrently with BIO 150 Human Anatomy and Physiology I, and to provide the necessary background for the study of human anatomy and physiology.
Prerequisite:  BIO102 with a minimum grade of C or a satisfactory score on the Biology Placement Test

Note: Students planning to enter the programs in Nursing, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, or theNuclear Medicine option in Medical Technology are assigned this course by the Department of Biology on th basis of scores attained on the Biology Placement Test.

Corequisite: BIO 150

BIO 106 Principles of Biology I

3 hours; 3 credits

Introductory biology for non-science majors. Structure and function of the body and the effects of the environment on it.
Fundamental biological principles and concepts and their applications to relevant concerns such as drug addiction, food
additives, physical fitness, and the population explosion. Not credited toward biology major. (science)

Prerequisite: Successful completion of the CUNY Mathematics Assessment Test or MTH 020

Corequisite: BIO 107

BIO 107 Principles of Biology I Laboratory

2 laboratory hours; 1 credit

Laboratory experiences illustrating principles and topics discussed in BIO 106. (science)

Corequisite: BIO 106

BIO 108 Principles of Biology II

3 hours; 3 credits

Introductory biology for non-science majors (continuation of BIO 106).  The role of biology in the world around us and the
effects of the modern world on living things including ecology, pollution, and the extinction of species. Diseases and their
treatment through drugs and genetic engineering.  Science and the role of the citizen. Not credited toward biology
major. (science)

Prerequisites: BIO 106, 107

Corequisite: BIO 109

BIO 109 Principles of Biology II Laboratory

2 laboratory hours; 1 credit

Laboratory experiences illustrating principles and topics discussed in BIO 108. (science)

Corequisite: BIO 108

BIO 146 Nutrition

3 hours; 3 credits

This course presents fundamental principles, concepts, and applications of normal nutrition. Stress will also be placed on
the relation of good nutrition to good health. Emphasis will be placed on the common restrictive diets generally used in
medical office practice.

Open to non-Medical Assistant students as an elective. May not be used to satisfy major requirements for the B.S. in
Biology.

Prerequisites: BIO 102; or BIO 100/101; or BIO 106/107; or BIO 150

BIO 150 Human Anatomy and Physiology I

3 class hours; 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

The first half of a comprehensive two-semester course in human biology.  Required for pre-nursing students. Students in
other paramedical curricula may enroll with the permission of the department. Integrated lecture and laboratory sessions
deal with the structure and function of cells, tissues, and the following systems: integumentary, musculoskeletal,
blood-cardiovascular, immune, and respiratory.

Prerequisite: BIO 090 or a satisfactory score on Level 1 of the Biology Placement Test

Pre- or corequisite: BIO 095, to be taken when determined by score on Level 2 of the Biology Placement Test

Note: Students who have previously registered two or more times for BIO 150 will be permitted to register again for BIO
150 only on a space available as determined at the close of registration. Students must receive a grade of C or better in
BIO 150 and a grade of P in BIO 095 (when prescribed by the Department as a corequisite of BIO 150) to proceed to
BIO 160.

BIO 160 Human Anatomy and Physiology II

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

The continuation of BIO 150. Required for nursing curriculum students.  A detailed study of the structure and function of
the urinary, nervous, endocrine, reproduction and digestive systems.

Prerequisite: BIO 150

Note: Students must receive a grade of C or better in BIO 150 and a grade of P in BIO 095 (when prescribed by the
Department as a corequisite of BIO 150) to proceed to BIO 160.

BIO 180 General Biology II

3 hours; 3 credits

A continuation of BIO 100 including plant and animal diversity, microbes and disease, reproduction, development,
patterns of inheritance, the origins of life, evolution, ecology, and selected topics. For science, medical technology,
appropriate preprofessional majors, and other interested students in consultation with an adviser. (science)

Prerequisites: BIO 100 and 101

Corequisite: BIO 181

BIO 181 General Biology II Laboratory

3 laboratory hours; 1 credit

A continuation of BIO 101. A laboratory examination of the material covered in BIO 180. For science, medical
technology, appropriate preprofessional majors, and other interested students in consultation with an adviser. (science)

Prerequisites: BIO 100 and 101

Corequisite: BIO 180
 
 

BIO 205 General Physiology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

A study of systemic physiology with emphasis on cell physiology, homeostasis, and control mechanisms in vertebrates,
particularly mammals. Laboratory exercises include physiographic studies of various systems. Required for biology and
medical laboratory technology majors.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181; CHM 141 and CHM 121

BIO 213 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

2 class hours, 4 laboratory hours; 4 credits

A comparative study of the chordates with emphasis on morphology and evolution of various systems. Dissection of the
lamprey, dogfish shark, mudpuppy (Necturus) and cat will be supplemented by the study of microscopic and macroscopic
preparations.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181

BIO 214 Biological Approach to Human Sexuality

3 hours; 3 credits

The course includes the developmental anatomy of the female and male reproductive systems, basic endocrinology and
reproductive cycles; physiology of sexual functions; pregnancy and birth; fertility, stimulation, and control; sexual disorders,
venereal disease, and other diseases including cancer; biological origins and variations of behavior. May not be used to
satisfy the major requirements for the B.S. in Biology.

Pre- or corequisite: BIO 180 and 181 or BIO 160

BIO 215 Invertebrate Zoology

2 class hours, 4 laboratory hours; 4 credits

The taxonomy, ecology, zoogeography, evolution, and phylogeny of the invertebrates, including the medical and economic
importance of the various groups. An introduction to the use of the zoological literature and the preparation of a scientific
paper.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181

BIO 222 Field Biology

2 class hours, 4 laboratory or field hours; 4 credits

This course provides instruction in standard procedures of collecting, preserving, and analyzing specimens and data
observed during off-campus field trips. Analysis will include introduction to descriptive statistics; comparisons and indices
of species diversity, dispersion, and community similarity. One field study will be made of animal behavior. One
weekend field trip is scheduled. Reports using scientific format, labeled specimen collections, and a field notebook are
required.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181

BIO 228 Botany

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

An introduction to the major structural and functional characteristics of the groups of plants which comprise the plant
kingdom: bacteria, algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Interrelationships of evolution, diversity,
and ecology are stressed throughout the examination of all major disciplines of plant biology.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181
 

BIO 232 Social Problems in Biology

3 hours; 3 credits

A course exploring the application of biology to crucial issues in the world today: drugs, pollution, overpopulation, birth
control, abortion, the right to die, test-tube babies, genetic engineering, the rebuilding of man, and the conquest of diseases.
May not be used to satisfy the major requirements for the B.S. in Biology.

Prerequisites: BIO 102, or 100 and 101, or BIO 106 and 107

BIO 240 The Biology of Disease

3 hours; 3 credits

Biological aspects of the major diseases of humans, including heart disease, cancer, autoimmune diseases such as arthritis
and multiple sclerosis; hereditary diseases such as sickle cell anemia and hemophilia; and bacterial and viral diseases such
as tuberculosis, colds, and influenza. Principles of immunology, chemotherapy, and genetic engineering are among the
major concepts that will be studied. Effects of disease on human history will also be discussed.

Prerequisites: BIO 108 and 109, or BIO 180 and 181, or BIO 160

BIO 242 History of Biology

3 hours; 3 credits

A survey of the historical development of some of the major biological concepts including an examination of the life and
times of various biologists and the factors that influenced their work. Original scientific research papers will be read. May
not be used to satisfy the major requirements for the B.S. in Biology.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181

BIO 272 Biometrics

4 hours; 4 credits

A course for science majors emphasizing applications of statistics to problems in experimental biology, field biology, and
environmental science.  It covers descriptive statistics, probability and probability distributions, confidence intervals,
hypothesis testing, and design of experiments. The following techniques are included: goodness of fit tests, t-tests,
analysis of variance, correlation and regression, time series analysis, and nonparametric methods.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181; MTH 123 or MTH 130
 
 

BIO 312 Genetics

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

A study of the mechanics and molecular basis of inheritance. The lecture will cover patterns of inheritance, structure and
function of nucleic acids, recombinant DNA, bacterial genetics and population genetics. Laboratory exercises will include
studying patterns of inheritance with Drosophila melanogaster and techniques related to recombinant DNA work.
Required of biology majors.

Prerequisites: BIO 205 and CHM 142 and CHM 127

BIO 314 General Microbiology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Topics will include immunology, biotechnology, and the metabolism, genetics, morphology, and growth of microorganisms.
Required of medical technology majors.

Prerequisites: BIO 180, BIO 181, and CHM 141

BIO 316 Clinical Microbiology

2 class hours, 4 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Medical and diagnostic microbiology: a study of host microbe interactions, the principles and applications of the immune
response, the epidemiology of infectious disease, and the pathogenesis of the major microbial diseases.  In the laboratory
the procedures used in laboratory diagnosis are applied.  Required of medical technology majors. A non-liberal arts and
sciences course, not credited toward the biology major.

Prerequisite: BIO 314

BIO 318 Histology

2 lecture hours, 4 laboratory hours; 4 credits

A study of the microscopic structure of mammalian cells, tissues, and organs with emphasis on functional correlations.
Laboratory sessions include technical procedures for fixing, sectioning, staining and mounting tissue specimens, and
examination of prepared microscopic slides of human/mammalian tissues and organs.

Prerequisite: BIO 160 or BIO 205

BIO 322 Evolution

4 hours; 4 credits

This course includes: the principles of the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution; the origin and evolution of the earth, the
continents, the seas and climates; the origin and evolution of life, the vertebrates and man; evolution in the archipelagos; the
mechanisms of evolution, i.e., the role of variation, selection, isolation and chance; species concepts and speciation; and the
tempo and mode of evolution. Term paper based on original articles is required.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181

Pre- or corequisite: BIO 312

BIO 324 Developmental Biology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Early development of representative organisms, including fertilization, cleavage, origin of germ layers, and organ systems;
biochemical events during differentiation.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and 181; CHM 142

Pre- or Corequisite: BIO

BIO 332 Advanced Physiology

4 hours; 4 credits

An in-depth study of representative physiological mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels of organization. Course
topics include the function of biological macromolecules, bioenergetics and metabolism, cell surface dynamics, functional
microanatomy of neurons, neural information transfer and integration, organization of reflexes, hormones and
other bioactive chemical messengers, renal regulation of the internal environment.

Prerequisite: BIO 160 or BIO 205

BIO 338 Behavioral Biology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

This course will cover the areas of animal behavior, neurophysiology, sensory physiology, and neuroendocrinology to
provide an integrated point of view of the biological basis of behavior.

Prerequisites: BIO 205 and CHM 142

BIO 342 Advanced Human Anatomy

3 class hours; 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

In depth study of the human body with emphasis on the neuromuscular system. Examines structural interrelationships as a basis for normal functions. Directed laboratory experiences with cadaver dissection and skeletal materials and models.

Prerequisites: BIO 160 and acceptance into the Physical Therapy or permission of the Program Coordinator.

BIO 346 General Virology

4 hours; 4 credits

Deals with major groups of viruses and includes structural and biochemical characteristics, cell-virus interactions, and viral
diseases.

Prerequisites: BIO 205 and CHM 142; also recommended CHM 250 and BIO312

BIO 350 Bacteriology

3 hours; 3 credits

A one semester course that surveys the major groups of microorganisms with emphasis on those involved in human health
problems. The principles of immunity and hypersensitivity, microbial control, and the principal microbial diseases are
discussed. Not credited toward biology major.

Prerequisite: BIO 160

Corequisite: BIO 351

BIO 351 Bacteriology Laboratory

3 laboratory hours; 1 credit

Laboratory exercises correlated with topics covered in BIO 350.

Prerequisite: BIO 160

Corequisite: BIO 350

BIO 352 Cell Biology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

The eukaryotic cell is treated as a highly compartmentalized functional unit. Emphasis on cell cycle, DNA and
chromosomal organization and functions, replication, transcription and translation also organization and
functional interrelationship of surface and internal membrane systems, exo/endocytosis and cytoskeleton. The lab
component deals with selected topics illustrating key cell biology concepts. Required of biology majors.

Prerequisites: BIO 205 and CHM 142

Corequisite: CHM 250

BIO 360 Ecology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

How interactions between organisms, and between organisms and the physical environment bring about adaptations in
response to natural selection, and change in species diversity through evolutionary time. Population genetics, growth and
demography; competition; predation; and community and ecosystem structure and function are other major areas covered.
Principles of ecology will be emphasized in laboratory work and in field studies of various natural habitats. Required for
Biology majors.

Prerequisites: BIO 312; also recommended BIO 215 or BIO 228

BIO 365 Principles of Neurobiology

3 class hours; 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

A study of basic mechanisms regulating activity of nerve cells including mechanisms of memory and brain disorders.
Laboratory exercises include electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activity in vitro and biochemical characterization of
components of the nervous tissue.

Prerequisites: BIO 180 and BIO 181, or BIO 160

Corequisite: CHM 250

BIO 368 Neuroscience

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Examines the structure and function of the central nervous system and sensory receptors. Includes laboratory sessions on
the dissection of the human brain, examination of sections of the spinal cord and brain stem and experiments with functions
of the nervous system.

Prerequisites: BIO 332, BIO 342, PHT 200

BIO 370 Biochemistry I

(Also CHM 370)

4 hours; 4 credits

The major constituents of cells: physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Properties of enzymes including specificity and kinetics.

Prerequisite: CHM 256

Pre- or corequisite: PHY 110 and 111, or PHY 116, or PHY 120 and 121

BIO 372 Cell Biochemistry

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Chemical approaches to cell function: bioenergetics, cell replication, control of biosynthetic processes, and metabolism.
Use of analytic methods to study the properties of cells and subcellular components.

Prerequisites: BIO 205, CHM 256

BIO 376 Biochemistry II

(Also CHM 376)

4 hours; 4 credits

Intermediary metabolism, metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides. Introduction to bioenergetics
and biochemical genetics.

Prerequisite: BIO/CHM 370

Pre- or corequisite: PHY 150 and 151, or PHY 156, or PHY 160 and 161

BIO 378 Radiation Biology

4 hours; 4 credits

The biological effects of chronic and acute exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The mechanisms underlying the
events occurring during and after the interaction between macromolecules, isolated cells, organs, and entire organisms with
irradiation. The effects of radiation at all levels of biological organization, and the biological basis for radiation safety
practices are discussed.

Prerequisite: BIO 205

Pre- or corequisite: PHY 150 and 151, or PHY 156, or PHY 160 and 161

BIO 382 Pharmacotherapeutics

3 hours; 3 credits

Pharmacodynamics of medicinal substances with respect to advanced receptor mechanisms and the action-effect sequence
of drug activity. Emphasis is on the correlation between drug structure, pharmacologic activity and the effect of drugs. Not
credited toward biology major.

Prerequisites: BIO 350 and 351; CHM 110 and 111

BIO 420 Comparative Endocrinology

3 class hours, 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Role of major endocrine glands (including neuroendocrines) in cell function and metabolic pathways. Emphasis upon
phylogeny and comparative physiology of the endocrine system. Pertinent methodology will be treated.

Prerequisites: BIO 205, CHM 256 and one additional physiology course

BIO 428 Plant Physiology

3 class hours; 3 laboratory hours; 4 credits

Examination of the basic physiological processes common to all vascular plants. Topics covered include cell structure and
function, water transport, transpiration, photosynthesis, solute translocation, nutrient uptake, mineral nutrition,
phytohormones, plant tropisms, growth, development, and reproduction.  Laboratory exercises will include plant cells,
water relations, tissue culture, photosynthesis, phytohormones, reproduction, competition, and symbiosis.

Prerequisite: BIO 205 or BIO 228

Pre- or co-requisite: CHM 250

BIO 432 Clinical Pathology

3 hours; 3 credits

Study of the disease process and their clinical manifestations beginning with the cellular and tissue levels leading to the
organ level. Surveys medical conditions and their management as they relate to physical therapy practice. Areas include
cardiology, orthopedics, autoimmune system, epidemiology.

Prerequisites: BIO 350 and 351, BIO 368, PHT 230, PHT 250

BIO 434 Comparative Physiology

4 hours; 4 credits

The study of the maintenance of internal homeostasis in different animal groups. Emphasis will be placed upon the
phylogeny of the processes of regulation and integration.

Prerequisites: BIO 205 and BIO 213 or BIO 215

Corequisite: CHM 250

BIO 442 Immunology

2 lecture hours, 4 laboratory hours; 4 credits

An introduction to immunology, with attention to the formation and nature of antibodies, the nature of antigens, and
problems of antigen-antibody interactions. Such subjects as antibody-mediated hypersensitivity and histocompatibility are
also considered.

Prerequisite: BIO 314 or 350

BIO 450 Experimental Methods in Animal Physiology

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

Procedures and instrumentation used in testing physiological phenomena.  Some of the areas explored are muscle
contraction, nerve responses, renal function, active transport, and basal metabolism.

Prerequisites: BIO 205, CHM 250

Pre- or corequisite: CHM 256

BIO 452 Experimental Methods in Behavioral Biology

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

Emphasis will be placed on the laboratory analysis of factors which influence the behavior of animals.

Prerequisite: BIO 338

BIO 454 Experimental Methods in Tissues and Cells

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

Current procedures for the microscopic study of tissues and cells. Advanced histological procedures involving paraffin
embedding, sectioning and staining with selected reactions will be used to study normal and experimentally modified tissues.
Autoradiography and enzyme histochemistry will also be examined.

Prerequisites: BIO 352 and CHM 142

BIO 456 Experimental Methods in Ecology

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

Introduction to natural communities. Emphasis on quantitative methods for community and ecosystem analysis. Field trips
to be arranged.

Prerequisites: BIO 360 and either BIO 272 or MTH 113 or MTH 214

BIO 458 Experimental Methods in Cell Biochemistry

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

The course consists of the application of modern analytical methods to the study of the properties of cells and subcellular
components. Emphasis will be placed on the mastering of laboratory techniques. Not credited toward biochemistry major.

Prerequisite: BIO 370 or  372

BIO 460 Experimental Methods in Advanced Genetics

6 laboratory hours; 3 credits

Current procedures in basic recombinant DNA techniques will be utilized including DNA isolation, restriction digestion,
ligation, and analysis of recombinant products.

Prerequisite: BIO 312